Lithium battery

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Lithium batteries are primary batteries that have lithium metal anodes. A lithium cell produces more than twice the voltage of an alkaline cell of equal size. Lithium batteries are used in cameras, pacemakers, and watches.

Many different cathode materials and electrolytes are used in lithium batteries. One of the highest-energy cells is the lithium-thionyl chloride cell. In this cell, a liquid mixture of thionyl chloride and lithium tetrachloroaluminate acts as the cathode and electrolyte. Lithium metal serves as the anode. A porous carbon material serves as a cathode current collector, which receives electrons from the external circuit.